Nubwo atari igihangano cya kera cyane mu mateka maremare y’imashini z’imyenda, imashini ya chenille, hamwe n’ubukorikori budasanzwe kandi ikoreshwa cyane, yabaye ikiraro gikomeye hagati y’ubukorikori gakondo n’inganda zigezweho. Ubusanzwe yakozwe mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18 kugira ngo ishobore gukenera imyenda yoroshye, yuzuye, yuzuye imitako, ubu imashini imaze kwinjira mu bikoresho byo mu rugo, imyambaro, ndetse n'ubuhanzi. Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga n'akamaro k'umuco bikwiye ubushakashatsi.
Kuva Mubiganza - Kugoreka Kuri Revolution ya Mechanical: Ivuka ryimashini ya Chenille
Amateka yimyenda ya chenille arashobora guhera mugihe cyambere cyamaboko - kuboha. Imyenda gakondo ya chenille ikorwa no guhinduranya fibre ngufi izengurutse umugozi wibanze kugirango habeho ingaruka nziza. Nyamara, ubu buryo bwintoki ntibukora cyane kandi biragoye kubisanzwe. Umuhengeri w’impinduramatwara y’inganda mu Burayi mu kinyejana cya 18 watumye imashini zikoresha imyenda. Ahagana mu 1780, abashakashatsi b'Abongereza bagerageje bwa mbere gukora ibikoresho bishobora gukora - bitanga umugozi wa chenille. Porotipire yambere ya chenille yatije amahame ya tekiniki yimashini ya jacquard na silk reeling. Icyuma kizunguruka cyangwa cyabonye - igikoresho cyinyo cyaciwe kandi gisubizamo imigozi ya fibre, kirema umugozi uhoraho ufite ingaruka mbi. Mu kinyejana cya 19 rwagati - 19, Abanyamerika n’Abafaransa barushijeho kunoza imiterere y’ubukanishi, bongera umuvuduko w’imyenda ya chenille inshuro ijana kandi bigabanya cyane ibiciro, bituma habaho uburyo bunini bwo gukoreshwa.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga muri iki gihe ntabwo ryakemuye gusa ibibazo byo gukora neza ahubwo ryanaguye ibishoboka by'imyenda ya chenille. Ubusanzwe, chenille yakozwe n'intoki yagarukiraga hejuru - ubudodo bwanyuma cyangwa ibisobanuro birambuye. Imashini ikoreshwa, ariko, yashoboje kuyishyira mubikorwa binini - imyenda yo munzu imeze nk'umwenda hamwe na sofa, ndetse bituma havuka icyiciro gishya: "itapi ya chenille."
Iterambere rya tekinoloji no kwagura imikorere: Inganda za Chenille
Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20, imyenda ya chenille yagiye ikora ibintu byinshi byingenzi bigezweho. Kwinjiza moteri yamashanyarazi yasimbuye ingufu zumuriro, bituma umuvuduko wimashini uhoraho. Gukoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike byafashaga guhindura neza uburinganire bwimyenda nuburebure bwikirundo. Kurugero, uburebure bugezweho - umuvuduko wa chenille irashobora gutanga metero zirenga 200 zu rugozi rwimvange kumunota kandi, binyuze muri sisitemu yo kugaburira -, birashobora gutunganyiriza icyarimwe fibre yamabara atandukanye, bigatera ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa zacapwe.
Iterambere mubikoresho siyanse naryo ryagize uruhare runini mu iterambere rya tekinoroji ya chenille. Ubwiyongere bwa fibre synthique (nka polyester na acrylic) bwatsinze ibinini kandi binini - kubungabunga ibibi bya fibre karemano, mugihe inzira zivanze (nko guhuza ipamba na nylon) zitanga uburinganire bwubworoherane nigihe kirekire. Ibi bishya byahinduye umwenda wa chenille uva mubintu byiza cyane uba umuguzi - isoko ryumuguzi mwiza, wagura ibikorwa byawo kuva kumitako yimbere ukageza kumyenda (nkimyenda nigitambara) hamwe nibikorwa byinganda (nkimodoka imbere).
Ikiranga Umuco n'agaciro k'ubukungu: Akamaro k'iki gihe cya Chenille
Ingaruka za chenille zirenze kure cyane ibikoresho bya tekiniki gusa. Mu mico, imyenda ya chenille, hamwe ningaruka zayo nziza zo kureba kandi nziza, uruhu - ibyiyumvo byinshuti, bikunze kugaragara nkibisobanuro hamwe nubushyuhe nubwiza. Ubukorikori bwa Chenille ni ntangarugero mu mwenda w’inkiko z’i Burayi zo mu kinyejana cya 19 -, amadirishya yerekana ububiko bw’amashami yo muri Amerika yo mu kinyejana cya 20 -, ndetse n’ibintu bya kera byerekana imiterere y’amazu ya Nordic. Urebye mubukungu, inganda za chenille zashizeho urwego rwuzuye rwo gutanga isoko. Ibihugu nkUbushinwa nu Buhinde byahindutse ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, bifashisha ibyiza by’ibanze n’ibicuruzwa binini -, mu gihe Ubutaliyani n’Ubufaransa byibanda ku isoko ryo hejuru -. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, agaciro k’umwaka ku isi agaciro k’imyenda ya chenille karenga miliyari icumi z'amadolari, kandi umubare w’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bifitanye isano ukomeje kwiyongera, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko urwego rukomeje guhanga udushya.
Icy'ingenzi cyane, kuba hariho imyenda ya chenille yerekana ubushobozi bwa symbiose hagati yubukorikori gakondo ninganda zigezweho. Muri iki gihe hagamijwe iterambere rirambye, abashushanya benshi barimo kuvumbura ubushobozi bw’ibidukikije bw’imyenda ya chenille - kurema chenille yavuguruwe iva mu mitsi itunganijwe neza cyangwa gukoresha amarangi karemano kugirango bagabanye umwanda w’imiti. Uku kugaruka kuri "moderi gahoro" yahaye imashini ya kera ubutumwa bushya muriki gihe.
Kuva kuri prototypes zitoroshye zo mumahugurwa yo mu kinyejana cya 18 - kugeza ku bikoresho bihanitse by’imirongo ikora ubwenge y’ubu, ubwihindurize bw’imyenda ya chenille bugaragaza ubumuntu bubiri bukurikirana ubwiza nibikorwa bifatika. Ntabwo ari intambwe yingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga ry’imyenda ahubwo ni n’itwara ry’umuco, rihuza ubushyuhe bwibihe byubukorikori hamwe n’imikorere y’inganda. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no kurushaho guhuza ibikoresho siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga rya digitale, imyenda ya chenille irashobora gukomeza kwandika igice gishya mu kubana neza no gukomera.
